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目  录

章  国际收支················································································· 1

节  国际收支的概念········································································ 1

第二节  国际收支平衡表········································································ 2

第三节  国际收支的调节········································································ 7

第四节  国际收支理论········································································· 15

第二章  国际结算··············································································· 23

节  国际结算概述········································································· 23

第二节  国际结算的支付工具································································ 24

第三节  国际结算方式········································································· 26

第三章  外汇和汇率············································································ 35

节  外  汇·················································································· 35

第二节  汇  率·················································································· 38

第四章  外汇交易和外汇风险································································ 57

节  外汇交易··············································································· 57

第二节  外汇风险··············································································· 65

第五章  汇率制度和外汇管制································································ 68

节  汇率制度··············································································· 68

第二节  外汇管制··············································································· 82

第六章  国际储备··············································································· 85

节  国际储备概述········································································· 85

第二节  国际储备的作用······································································ 89

第三节  国际储备的管理······································································ 90

第七章  国际金融市场、国际资本流动和国际金融危机······························· 95

节  国际金融市场概述··································································· 95

第二节  欧洲货币市场········································································· 98

第三节  国际资本流动········································································ 102

第四节  国际债务问题········································································ 107

第五节  国际金融危机········································································ 113

第八章  国际银行业··········································································· 117

节  国际银行业的主要业务···························································· 117

第二节  国际银行业发展的特点···························································· 118

第三节  国际银行业的风险·································································· 122

第九章  国际货币体系········································································ 124

节  国际货币体系概述·································································· 124

第二节  国际金本位制········································································ 125

第三节  布雷顿森林体系····································································· 126

第四节  国际货币体系改革·································································· 136

第五节  欧洲货币体系和欧元区···························································· 146

第十章  国际金融机构········································································ 150

节  国际金融机构概述·································································· 150

第二节  国际货币基金组织（IMF）······················································ 151

第三节  世界银行集团········································································ 158

第四节  亚洲开发银行········································································ 160

第五节  亚洲基础设施投资银行···························································· 162

附  录····························································································· 168

参考文献························································································· 176

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前言

20世纪80年代以来，世界经济和金融的发展日益呈现出自由化、全球化和工程化的特征，国际金融业发展迅猛，国际金融领域出现了一些新现象和新问题。在经济、金融全球化的大背景下，人们对国际金融知识的学习和了解变得越来越必要、越来越迫切，国际金融这门学科也就越来越受到高等院校的重视。近年来，按照学校人才培养方案的要求，教师们总结多年教学的体验及学科知识和理论方面的积累，着手编写一些更适应学校教学需要的教材，这本《国际金融简明教程》因此诞生。

教材由十章内容构成：

章，国际收支。主要介绍了国际收支的概念、国际收支平衡表的主要内容、国际收支平衡和失衡问题及国外主要的国际收支理论。重点是国际收支失衡的原因及对策分析。

第二章，国际结算。主要介绍了国际结算的主要工具和国际结算方式。

第三章，外汇和汇率。主要介绍了外汇和汇率的概念、外汇市场的基础知识、汇率变动的影响因素及汇率变动的经济影响，后简要介绍了西方汇率理论。重点是汇率变动的影响因素及汇率变动的经济影响。

第四章，外汇交易和外汇风险。主要介绍了外汇交易的主要类型及交易动机和方式、外汇风险的概念、类型和管理。重点是外汇风险的管理。

第五章，汇率制度和外汇管制。主要介绍了汇率制度的概念、类型，外汇管制的概念、方法及利弊；同时重点介绍了固定汇率制支持者与浮动汇率制支持者的论战，简要介绍了西方汇率制度选择理论。

第六章，国际储备。主要介绍了国际储备的概念、构成及国际储备的管理。重点是国际储备的管理。

第七章，国际金融市场、国际资本流动和国际金融危机。主要介绍了国际金融市场的概念、类型、主营业务，介绍了国际资本流动的成因、利弊，重点介绍和探讨了国际债务危机和国际金融危机。

第八章，国际银行业。介绍了国际银行业的主要业务、发展特点及国际银行业面临的风险。

第九章，国际货币体系。主要介绍了国际金本位制、布雷顿森林体系、欧洲货币体系的主要内容及发展，重点介绍了欧元区的建立和发展。

第十章，国际金融机构。主要介绍了国际货币基金组织、世界银行两家全球性的国际金融机构的建立、功能、主要业务；同时介绍了亚洲开发银行和亚洲基础设施投资银行。

本教材的编写力求简明扼要且深入浅出，但受编者水平和经验所限，仍存在不足之处，望广大读者批评指正，以便我们及时改进提高。

编  者

 2018年11月