物流运输组织与管理(第3版)/袁伯友 电子工业出版社 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

本书根据靠前外现代物流及运输业的发展变化，系统介绍了物流运输的基本理论、运输市场与政策、主要的运输方式、靠前运输和特种品运输的基本知识，重点阐述了企业运输市场营销管理、运输决策管理、托运人和承运人运输管理等内容。本书知识系统、内容丰富，注重理论性与实践性相结合，贴近企业实际，突出运输管理，反映行业发展热点与趋势，适用于高等院校本科物流管理专业及其他相关专业的教学，也可作为其他院校以及从事物流管理相关人员的学习参考用书。

章 物流运输管理概论 ················································································· 1

1.1 物流运输管理基础知识 ··········································································· 1

1.1.1 运输的定义及特征 ········································································ 1

1.1.2 物流运输相关概念及特点 ······························································· 3

1.1.3 运输的功能与原理 ········································································ 4

1.1.4 企业运输系统的含义及要素 ···························································· 6

1.1.5 企业运输管理的任务 ····································································· 8

1.2 运输方式的分类及特性 ··········································································· 9

1.2.1 运输方式的分类 ··········································································· 9

1.2.2 各种运输方式的技术经济特性 ························································ 11

1.3 运输成本、运价及运费 ·········································································· 13

1.3.1 运输成本的构成 ·········································································· 13

1.3.2 运价特点 ··················································································· 14

1.3.3 运价结构 ··················································································· 14

1.3.4 运费 ························································································· 16

1.4 运输的地位和意义 ················································································ 16

1.4.1 运输在现代物流中的地位 ······························································ 16

1.4.2 运输发展的意义 ·········································································· 17

1.5 运输的发展历史及趋势 ·········································································· 21

1.5.1 运输的发展历史 ·········································································· 21

1.5.2 我国运输发展趋势 ······································································· 23

第2 章 运输市场与政策··················································································· 30

2.1 运输市场概述······················································································ 30

2.1.1 运输市场的含义及其构成 ······························································ 30

2.1.2 运输市场的特征及类型 ································································· 33

2.1.3 运输市场环境 ············································································· 35

2.1.4 运输市场管理 ············································································· 36

2.2 运输市场需求 ····················································································· 37

2.2.1 运输市场需求的含义及特点 ··························································· 37

2.2.2 运输市场需求的影响因素 ······························································ 39

2.2.3 运输市场需求弹性 ······································································ 40

2.3 运输市场供给 ····················································································· 44

2.3.1 运输市场供给的含义及特点 ··························································· 44

2.3.2 运输市场供给的影响因素 ······························································ 45

2.3.3 运输市场供给弹性 ······································································ 45

2.3.4 运输市场供给与需求之间的关系 ····················································· 47

2.4 运输市场管理政策 ··············································································· 48

2.4.1 运输市场管理政策的含义及类别 ····················································· 48

2.4.2 法律类运输政策 ········································································· 49

2.4.3 行政类运输政策 ········································································· 50

第3 章 公路运输 ··························································································· 54

3.1 公路运输概述 ····················································································· 54

3.1.1 运输工具 ·················································································· 54

3.1.2 运输设施 ·················································································· 55

3.1.3 运输组织形式 ············································································ 57

3.2 公路整车运输 ····················································································· 58

3.2.1 公路整车运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 58

3.2.2 公路整车运输组织方法 ································································ 59

3.2.3 整车甩挂运输 ············································································ 60

3.3 公路零担运输 ····················································································· 63

3.3.1 公路零担运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 63

3.3.2 公路零担运输组织形式 ································································ 64

3.3.3 零担运输业务流程 ······································································ 67

3.4 公路运输生产计划 ··············································································· 68

3.4.1 公路运输生产计划的含义及任务 ····················································· 68

3.4.2 公路运输生产计划的编制 ······························································ 69

3.4.3 车辆运行作业计划的编制 ······························································ 70

3.5 公路运输成本 ····················································································· 71

3.5.1 公路运输成本的构成及特点 ··························································· 71

3.5.2 影响运输成本的因素 ··································································· 73

3.5.3 降低运输成本的策略 ··································································· 74

第4 章 铁路运输 ··························································································· 79

4.1 铁路运输概述 ····················································································· 79

4.1.1 运输工具 ·················································································· 79

4.1.2 运输设施 ·················································································· 80

4.1.3 铁路运输组织形式 ······································································ 81

4.2 铁路整车运输······················································································ 82

4.2.1 铁路整车运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 82

4.2.2 铁路整车运输组织方法 ································································· 83

4.3 铁路零担运输······················································································ 85

4.3.1 铁路零担运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 85

4.3.2 铁路零担运输组织方法 ································································· 86

4.4 铁路运输作业流程 ················································································ 88

4.4.1 货物的托运 ················································································ 88

4.4.2 货物的受理 ················································································ 88

4.4.3 货物的承运 ················································································ 89

4.4.4 货物的装卸 ················································································ 89

4.4.5 货物的途中作业 ·········································································· 89

4.4.6 货物的到达、领取 ······································································· 90

4.5 铁路货运改革与创新 ············································································· 90

4.5.1 货运改革背景 ············································································· 90

4.5.2 货运改革内容及业务 ···································································· 91

4.5.3 新铁路零担货物运输 ···································································· 92

4.5.4 铁路门到门运输 ·········································································· 93

4.5.5 高铁快递 ··················································································· 95

4.6 铁路运输成本······················································································ 96

4.6.1 铁路运输成本的构成及特点 ··························································· 96

4.6.2 影响运输成本的因素 ···································································· 97

4.6.3 降低运输成本的途径 ···································································· 98

第5 章 水路运输 ··························································································103

5.1 水路运输概述·····················································································103

5.1.1 运输工具 ··················································································103

5.1.2 运输航线 ··················································································105

5.1.3 港口 ························································································107

5.1.4 港口企业及其营运方式 ································································ 110

5.2 班轮运输 ·························································································· 111

5.2.1 班轮运输的概念及特点 ································································ 111

5.2.2 班轮运输的业务程序 ··································································· 112

5.2.3 货物交付方式 ············································································ 113

5.2.4 班轮运输主要单证 ······································································ 114

5.3 租船运输 ·························································································· 116

5.3.1 租船运输的概念及其特点 ····························································· 116

5.3.2 租船运输的分类 ········································································· 117

5.3.3 租船运输的业务程序 ··································································· 118

5.4 水路运输价格与成本 ············································································120

5.4.1 班轮运价的特点 ·········································································120

5.4.2 班轮运价的分类 ········································································ 121

5.4.3 租船运价 ················································································· 123

5.4.4 水路运输成本类别及特点 ····························································· 123

5.4.5 水路运输成本控制内容及策略 ······················································· 124

第6 章 航空运输 ·························································································· 130

6.1 航空运输概述 ···················································································· 130

6.1.1 运输工具 ················································································· 130

6.1.2 运输线路 ················································································· 131

6.1.3 航空港 ···················································································· 132

6.1.4 航空运输相关企业 ····································································· 134

6.1.5 航空运输企业生产过程 ······························································· 135

6.2 航空运输营运方式与组织方法 ······························································· 136

6.2.1 航空运输营运方式 ····································································· 136

6.2.2 航空运输组织方法 ····································································· 137

6.3 航空运输业务程序及运单 ····································································· 140

6.3.1 航空运输的业务程序 ·································································· 140

6.3.2 航空运单 ················································································· 142

6.4 航空运输企业运输价格与成本 ······························································· 144

6.4.1 公布直达运价 ··········································································· 144

6.4.2 非公布直达运价 ········································································ 146

6.4.3 航空运输成本的构成及特点 ·························································· 147

6.4.4 航空运输企业成本控制的方法 ······················································· 148

第7 章 国际运输 ·························································································· 153

7.1 国际运输概述 ···················································································· 153

7.1.1 国际运输的特点 ········································································ 153

7.1.2 国际运输的关系方 ····································································· 154

7.1.3 国际运输的方式 ········································································ 155

7.2 国际货物多式联运 ·············································································· 157

7.2.1 国际多式联运的含义及特征 ·························································· 157

7.2.2 集装箱运输的特点 ····································································· 158

7.2.3 集装箱的定义、分类及标准 ·························································· 158

7.2.4 国际多式联运的组织形式 ····························································· 162

7.2.5 国际多式联运经营人及其责任形式 ················································· 163

7.3 国际运输流程及规则 ··········································································· 164

7.3.1 国际运输的业务流程 ·································································· 164

7.3.2 国际集装箱多式联运流程及交接方式 ·············································· 166

7.3.3 国际运输公约与规则 ·································································· 167

7.4 国际货物运输代理 ·············································································· 171

7.4.1 国际货物运输代理企业的含义及设立条件 ········································ 171

7.4.2 国际货运代理企业的经营范围、服务对象及服务内容 ·························172

7.4.3 国际货运代理企业的业务流程 ·······················································174

第8 章 特种品运输 ·······················································································179

8.1 危险品运输 ·······················································································179

8.1.1 危险品的定义、分类及确认 ··························································179

8.1.2 危险品运输法规及要求 ································································182

8.1.3 运输企业资质及流程规范 ·····························································184

8.2 超限品运输 ·······················································································188

8.2.1 超限品的概念及特殊性 ································································188

8.2.2 公路超限运输的规范与管理 ··························································190

8.2.3 超限运输流程规范 ······································································193

8.3 鲜活易腐品运输 ··················································································195

8.3.1 鲜活货物及其运输特点 ································································195

8.3.2 鲜活易腐品保藏和运输的方法 ·······················································196

8.3.3 鲜活易腐品的运输组织方式及要求 ·················································197

8.3.4 冷链运输 ··················································································199

8.4 贵重物品运输·····················································································199

8.4.1 贵重物品的定义 ·········································································199

8.4.2 贵重物品的收运要求 ···································································200

8.4.3 贵重物品运输监管与安全管理 ·······················································201

第9 章 运输市场营销管理 ···············································································206

9.1 运输市场营销概述 ···············································································206

9.1.1 运输产品的整体概念及特点 ··························································206

9.1.2 运输市场营销的含义及特点 ··························································209

9.1.3 运输市场营销管理的内容 ·····························································210

9.2 运输企业产品策略 ···············································································213

9.2.1 运输产品组合策略 ······································································213

9.2.2 运输企业品牌策略 ······································································216

9.2.3 运输企业服务策略 ······································································217

9.3 运输企业价格策略 ···············································································218

9.3.1 运价形成的因素 ·········································································218

9.3.2 定价的原则与方法 ······································································219

9.3.3 定价策略 ··················································································221

9.4 运输企业分销渠道策略 ·········································································222

9.4.1 运输分销渠道的含义和种类 ··························································222

9.4.2 运输分销渠道选择的影响因素 ·······················································224

9.4.3 运输分销渠道决策 ······································································225

9.5 运输企业促销策略 ···············································································226

9.5.1 运输企业促销策略的含义及特点 ····················································226

9.5.2 运输企业主要促销策略 ······························································· 228

9.6 运输企业网络营销策略 ········································································ 230

9.6.1 网络营销服务策略 ····································································· 230

9.6.2 网络营销品牌策略 ····································································· 231

9.6.3 网络营销价格策略 ····································································· 232

9.6.4 网络营销渠道策略 ····································································· 232

0 章 运输决策管理 ··················································································· 238

10.1 运输方式选择 ··················································································· 238

10.1.1 运输方式选择的影响因素 ··························································· 238

10.1.2 运输方式选择的定性分析法 ························································ 240

10.1.3 运输方式选择的综合评价法 ························································ 240

10.1.4 运输方式选择的成本比较法 ························································ 243

10.2 运输线路选择 ··················································································· 244

10.2.1 起讫点不同的运输线路选择 ························································ 244

10.2.2 起讫点相同的运输线路优化模型 ·················································· 247

10.2.3 多起讫点直达运输线路优化模型 ·················································· 252

10.2.4 多起讫点中转运输线路优化模型 ·················································· 261

10.3 运输节点选址决策 ············································································· 263

10.3.1 运输节点选址的条件和原则 ························································ 263

10.3.2 多因素综合评价法 ···································································· 265

10.3.3 重心法选址模型 ······································································· 266

10.3.4 成本分析法 ············································································· 269

10.3.5 运输规划法 ············································································· 269

1 章 托运人运输管理 ················································································ 276

11.1 运输管理的内容及战略 ······································································· 276

11.1.1 运输管理的内容 ······································································· 276

11.1.2 企业运输战略 ·········································································· 280

11.2 自营运输与外包运输决策 ···································································· 281

11.2.1 自营运输的优势与劣势 ······························································ 281

11.2.2 外包运输的优势与劣势 ······························································ 283

11.2.3 运输外包决策 ·········································································· 284

11.3 运输网络构建 ··················································································· 287

11.3.1 运输网络构建的影响因素及原则 ·················································· 287

11.3.2 运输网络布局及结构选择 ··························································· 289

11.3.3 运输网络及节点决策内容和方法 ·················································· 291

11.4 承运人管理 ······················································································ 291

11.4.1 承运人选择的影响因素及原则 ····················································· 291

11.4.2 承运人选择的步骤 ···································································· 292

11.4.3 承运人选择的方法 ···································································· 293

11.4.4 承运人评价与监控 ····································································295

11.4.5 承运人管理策略 ·······································································295

11.5 运输成本控制 ···················································································297

11.5.1 企业运输成本构成 ····································································297

11.5.2 运输外包成本控制 ····································································297

11.5.3 运输自营成本控制 ····································································298

2 章 承运人运输管理 ··············································································· 306

12.1 运输管理内容及战略 ··········································································306

12.1.1 运输管理内容 ··········································································306

12.1.2 企业运输相关战略 ····································································308

12.2 运输合理化 ······················································································309

12.2.1 运输合理化的含义及作用 ···························································309

12.2.2 不合理运输的表现形式 ······························································310

12.2.3 影响运输合理化的因素 ······························································314

12.2.4 运输合理化的策略 ····································································315

12.3 客户管理 ·························································································318

12.3.1 客户管理的特点及原则 ······························································318

12.3.2 客户管理的创新 ·······································································320

12.3.3 客户关系管理的含义及内容 ························································321

12.3.4 客户关系管理的实施 ·································································322

12.4 企业运输组织管理 ·············································································323

12.4.1 企业运输组织的基本要求 ···························································323

12.4.2 运输组织管理的主要任务 ···························································324

12.4.3 运输方案设计 ··········································································325

12.5 运输绩效评价 ···················································································327

12.5.1 运输绩效评价的含义及影响因素 ··················································327

12.5.2 运输绩效评价指标体系 ······························································329

12.5.3 运输绩效评价的步骤 ·································································332

12.5.4 运输绩效评价方法 ····································································335

参考文献 ······································································································343

袁伯友，男，毕业于香港理工大学靠前航运及物流管理专业，2005年—至今，在南开大学滨海学院任本科教学，曾讲授的课程：物流运输组织与管理，仓储和配送管理，采购管理，供应链管理，统计学等。

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前言

"运输是人类社会生活中最基本的活动之一，为人类社会的发展做出了重大贡献。伴随着世界经济和科学技术的迅速发展，运输活动在各国的社会、政治、军事、经济、文化等方面的发展中发挥出越来越重要的作用。进入21 世纪以来，随着现代物流的快速发展，运输作为现代物流的重要环节，受到各国政府、学界、企业等的高度重视。同时，运输作为国民经济的一个重要行业，与过去相比发生了翻天覆地的变化。在公路、铁路、水路、航空和管道5 种运输方式中，无论哪种运输方式，其运输规模都在不断增大，并达到了较高的水平；信息技术的不断更新和应用，正在逐渐改变运输业务的运作模式和管理方式；供应链管理获得了更广泛的应用和发展，更加强调物流一体化，促使人们将运输与仓储、信息处理、流通加工、包装等有效地衔接起来；随着市场竞争更加激烈，企业降低成本、提高效率的压力增大，物流及运输业面临着更大的挑战。为适应上述种种变化，运输这个古老的行业也在不断变革和发展。

本书自2011 年第2 版出版至今，我国物流业及运输业又有了长足的发展，一方面吸引了大量的物流人才进入物流行业，另一方面对我国物流人才的教育与培养提出了更高的要求。我国高校物流教育应以此为动力，为满足我国经济发展和物流业发展的需要，在教育体制、培养模式、学科建设、教材体系、资源投入等方面付出更大的努力。本书正是在这种背景下，为适应物流业发展和物流教育发展新的变化和需要进行的修订。本次修订在第2 版的基础上进行了创新，对教材框架结构进行了调整，对内容进行了修改和补充。

本书结合国际、国内现代物流的发展和运输业的变化，以经济学和管理学理论为基础，运用国内外运输组织与管理的优选理论与方法进行了阐述。考虑到篇幅所限，整体结构安排如下：

章阐述物流运输管理有关基础知识；第2 章阐述运输市场供给与需求的基本理论和我国运输市场管理的政策，主要分析企业运输管理所面临的市场竞争环境和政策环境；第3～6 章分别阐述公路、铁路、水路、航空4 种运输方式的组织形式与管理内容；第7、8 章分别阐述国际运输、特种品运输的组织与管理；第9 章着重阐述企业运输市场营销管理的内容；0 章主要阐述一般企业面临的几种重要的运输决策内容；1、12 章分别从托运人和承运人的角度阐述运输的组织与管理。由于管道运输涉及的企业较少，相关内容相对简单，所以本书只是在相关章节中对其做了简要介绍，不再单独安排章节做详细阐述。

修订后的教材更加关注物流行业的发展，吸收了学界近几年新的研究成果；围绕企业物流运输，更贴近企业实际；突出运输管理，基本不再保留操作性内容；突出应用性，突出对学生理论素质与专业能力的培养。本书尝试做到理论性与应用性相结合，力争内容全面、结构严谨、语言简洁、通俗易懂。

本书由袁伯友任主编，魏然任副主编，各章编写具体分工为：、9、11、12 章由袁伯友编写；第2、3、6、10 章由魏然编写；第4、5、7 章由郭鹏编写；第8 章由刘海滨编写。刘铁男、李亚伶、吴向悦、张贺、王乔博、陈晓宇等参与了资料的收集、整理及书稿校对等工作。

本书在编写过程中，原书主编王述英教授自始至终十分关注，并给予了热心指导和帮助，对此表示诚挚的感谢。本书参考和使用了前两版的部分内容，在此向原作者表示衷心的感谢。书中参考或引用了国内外有关物流和运输方面论著的内容，吸收了许多学者的研究成果，在此谨向这些作者致以衷心的感谢。对于因工作疏忽，而没有将参考资料及其作者在参考文献中列出的，特此向作者致以歉意并表示感谢。

由于时间，加上作者水平和所掌握的资料数量有限，书中可能会有一些错误和疏漏之处，敬请读者指正并提出宝贵意见。"